Brake and brake-liner.



W. T. BONNER.

BRAKE AND BRAKE LINER. APPLICATION HLED uni 22. 1999. RENEWED OCT. 28, 1914.

1,141,606. Patented June 1, 1915.

auuanto a 85 strength of asbestos fabric is but low, asbes- 40 5 strength; For abrake liner it is therefore be spun or knit aroilnd'metalwires or filaments and these so-coated wires wovenmto pnriun .s'ra'ras PATENT ra ns,

WILLIAM T. BONNER, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, ABSIGNQE, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, .TO THE ASBESTOS BRAKE COMPANY, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

menace.

Specification of Letters lfi'atent,

33am. AND BRAKE-LINER.

- Patented June 11, 1915. I

. A ppiieation flledlune 22, 1909, Serial a... 508,625. Renewed Qatar as, 1914. Serial no. seams.

To all whom it may concern Be it'ik'no'wn that I, WILLIAM T. BONNER, a citizen of the United States, residing at 62 South Hermitage avenue, Trenton, in the county of Mercer and State of New Jersey, have invented certain-new and useful Improvements in Brakes and Brake Lmers, of which the following is a specification.

This, invention relates to-brakes and brake liners; and it comprises a braking element having a liner comprising an asbestos fabric containing interiorly incorporated cementing linoxm, said fabric preferably being further reinforced by contained metal; andjit further comprises said liner, all ,as more fully-hereinafter set forth and-as claimed.

"For automobile brakes and other highduty braking purposes requiring flexibility of engagement of the braking means with the possibility of a fully graduated'series of engagements between locking-engagement and no-engagement, asbestos is an eflicient body-giving element sinceit combines good'frictional'powers for this purpose with a number ofother desirable properties. Being little conductive'of heat, heat developed on the braking face is not propagated elsewhere to any substantialv extent, while such a development of heat does it no damage, because of itsheat-resisting powers.

A'nd'in the formfof asbestos fabrlc, it displays a type ,of resilience desirable in securgraduated engagements of the braking means. Unfortunately however the tensile lock or felt -together, though the ultimate asbestos fibers themselves have considerable practically impossible to employ an asbestos fabricalone, some form of; reinforcement or strengthening "being necessary. For instance, the asbestos'fibers or threads 'may fabric form. Such a compound fabric howeverwhile possessingconsiderable tensile strength does not-wel resistfriction, there being a tendency for the asbestos fibers to break away locally where ex-posed to wear. There is, of course, sueh a fabric no great ameunt ofiadhesion-dr engagement between the asbestos fibers or of the fibers with the core wire. It is therefore desirable that a further strengthening be given by uniting the fibers-with each other and with the wire. Wh1le the former effect may be produced to a l mited extent by frictiomng the compound fabric, that is, coating it with a fluent rubber composition, in practice this does not work as well as can be desired.

Rubber compositions are not particularly fluent when of strengths suitable for this purpose and hey do not penetrate the fabr c far even where fairly fluid eomposii tlons are used, without special means 'being adopted to that end; and that is comment between the wires and the asbestos of the body of the fabric. p y

By usinga permeating cementing body, such as a drying oil, especially where certain expedients heremafter set forth are resorted to, a much more desirable type of liner is obtained. While the tensile strength of the linoxin formed by the drying of drying oils, such as linseed oil, poppy o1l,'sunflower oil, etc., is not great when existmg as a bodyyet in the form of thin films, layers or columns it has considerable stren h; and the same'is true of the similar su stances formed by the setting of wood or tung oil and like drying oils. On the other hand, as stated, while asbestos threads are not very strong, yet the ultimate fibers are possessed of'considerable strength. Therefore by producing a close fabric of asbestos having the spaces hermg filled with films of dried oil in costated, have considerable strength are no longer face to slide over each other but are locked in position by relatively strong, co-

union with said fibers, full advantage is taken ofthe strength of both and the'co'mseveral fibers close together and the interrectly transmitted thereto from the braking surface.

The oil-impregnated asbestos fabric may 7 be utilized as a braking element by securing it to any suitable holding member adapted to engage it and to support the flat face thereof opposite the surface used for braking. In such use the exposed face acts as a brake while the cementing oil transmits strains on the face to and through the body. Any local overheating merely burns out 10- cally-.a little of the cementing oil and does no harm. With the wire-reinforced fabric, an even better type of resilience is obtained than-with the oil-impregnated asbestos fabric alone.-

Either the true asbestos or the Canadian chrysotile may be employed. Mineral wool is less suitable.

In order to produce the desired type of union between fibers and cementing oil, the impregnated fabric is best submitted to heavy pressure, as by a hydraulic press, prior to final drying. This squeezes out the excess of oil and brings the fibers and wire into close approximation so as to reduce to a minimum the thickness of the intervening and uniting thin oil layers, thereby concomitantly raising the mechanical strength of such thin layers.

In practice, it is better to use a plurality of layers of the treated asbestos fabric as plies of a laminated fabric. thereby attaining a better distribution of strains back to the holding member and a better resilience of the liner as a whole. As stated, this re-. silience is important in securing a gradu ated series of engagements.

In making a liner fabric under the invene tion, suitable wire may be covered with asbestos fibers by spinning or otherwise and.

these coated wires then woven or knit into fabric form. Oil impregnation is best postponed till after making the fabric, it being less convenient to impregnate the covered wire prior to weaving or knitting. A cheap and simple way of operating however is to paint or varnish the wire prior to weaving with a paint of comminuted or flock asbestos and an oil vehicle. The fabric so produced is however not as good as where ordinary fibers are employed in the way described.

1,141.,eoe

With unimpregnated fabric produced as described, such fabric is next dipped or plunged in suitable drying oil and removed after complete impregnation. boiled oil and Chinese Wood oil' are both eminently suitable for the present purposes. After allowingthe excess oil to drip oif or otherwise removing it, the impregnated fabric is next best pressed under heavy pressure to bring the fibers into close approximation and reduce the thickness of the oil films uniting them. This pressing may be done immediately after dipping or just before final drying.

In making a laminated liner consisting of a plurality of plies of treated asbestos fabric,- the fabric may be passed continuously through asuitable bath of boiled or raw linseed oil or linseed oil mixture, the excess of oil being expressed out or wiped oif. It may then be allowed to dry nearly to'completiomas being hung up to dry. As many plies as may be desired may then be assembled, either by using separate pieces or by folding a single piece. These plies may be stitched together in any ordinary way, and preferably with rather close stitching, with either thread or wire. The assembled plies are then placed in a press, preferably a hydraulic press, submitted to heavy pressure and a'llowed to dry to completion. After the compression and the final drying, the cementing oil through-' out the. body of the liner is converted into an integral mass.

The complete liner, whether laminated or single, ply, may finally,-be given a facing coat of rubber on thebraking face.

The liner is assembled with any suitable holding element by bolting, riveting, orthe like, to form a brake. p

In the accompanying illustration I have shown, more or less diagrammatically, certain embodiments of the described invention.

In this showing: Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section of a brake spool and brake provided with the oil-impregnated asbestos liner; Fig. 2 is an elevation partly broken away at right angles to the view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a view in perspective of a ortion of a coil of laminated liner ready or application; Fig. 4 is a section on an enlaqged scale of such liner; Fig. 5 is a similar vgew showing the liner carrying a frictioning of rubber; and Fig. 6 shows a liner with intercalated rubber layers. 7

In Figs. 1 and 2, shaft 1 of some element to be braked, as an automobile, carries a hub or spool 2 having a rim or periphery adapted for braking. With this engages strap brake 3 provided with-a brake liner 4 of impregnated asbestos, securedthereto in 125 for assemblage with the holding element Ordinary oil is also fairly heat-insensitive.

1,141.,eoe

(3). Perforations 6 are for rivets or bolts. Stitches 7 are of thread or wire. In Fig. 4 a 3-ply fabric is shown, the plies being lettered a, b and 0. Element 8 in each ply is a wire covered with coating 9 of asbestos and woven into fabric with similar covered wire. The

plies are saturated, as stated, with linseed or other drying oil.

In Fig. 5, the liner of Fig. 3 is shown provided with a frictioning of rubber, applied either as a fluid composition or as a more or less fluent solid rubber composition applied under pressure and heat. If so desired, the rubber can occur between the plies, but this is not ordinarily desirable. Where it is so desired however, either both sides of the several pliesmay be coated prior to assembling, or one side of a sheet of fabric may be so coated and the sheet folded to form the desired number of plies. This will of course bring a layer of rubber between each pair of plies. In so applying rubber it is found that the rubber clings much more evenly and perfectly to the oil-cemented asbestos than it will to asbestos alone. Fig. 6, such a compound fabric is shown, there being intercalated layers 10 of rubber or rubber composition between each pair of plies of oil-cemented asbestos.

For brake purposes, it is very desirable that the liner be comparatively insensitive to heat and this property is given it by theasbestos body. The several strands of wire being spaced apart by the asbestos coating are not in contact and can not propagate heat from the one to the other. The linseed When oxidized or dried it is no longer fusible, and it withstands a temperature up to 700 F., being indeed frequently blown at temperatures reaching 680. Rubber on the other hand rarely is able to withstand as much as 400 F. and it softens and fuses much below this temperature in the case of many compositions.

The drying oil used may be thinned with various compositions ordinarily used in paint and varnish, but this is not necessary in the present case. Asbestos has a drying effect on linseed oil and even raw oil when applied to the fabric as stated, dries in the course of a very few hours.

What I claim is 1. In a braking element, a plurality of plies of wire-reinforced asbestos fabric, said plies being impregnated with drying oil and the outer ply being faced with a rubber composition.

2. A brake provided with a liner comprising a plurality of united plies of wirereinforced asbestos fabric impregnated with drying oil, said liner carrying a facing layer of rubber composition.

3. In a braking element a plurality of assembled plies comprising one or more plies of oil-impregnated reinforced asbestos and one or more plies of rubber.

4. In a brake, the combination of a holding element and a liner comprising one or more plies of oil-impregnated reinforced asbestos and one. or more plies of rubber.

5. A. band brake comprising a holding element and'a brake band therefor comprising assembled plies of woven, metal-reinforced asbestos containing an oil impregnation, intercalated layers of rubber composition between such plies and 21. facing of rubber composition, said plies being stitched together.

In testimony whereof, I aiiix my signature in the presence of witnesses.

WILLIAM T. BONNER.

Witnesses:

J OHN W. SIGGERS, K. P. MCELROY. 

